It's the starting position, the string will be searched beyond that character position. Character positions are 0 based, so in the string "abc" the string "a" appears at position 0. Since the starting positions gives the character positions beyond which the string will be searched,
:put [:find "abc" "a" 0];
yields null, since there is no "a" beyond character position 0. You have to search from the very start of the string, which is character position -1 (minus one).
:put [:find "abc" "b" 0];
works fine, however, since "b" is beyond character position 0, as it is at character position 1.
Really that's not worth memorizing, since the starting position is an optional parameter that defaults to -1 and searches the entire string. If you do need to start searching further into the string, just remember that positions are given based on 0, most probably because the search simply treats the string as a 0 based array.