I think this article does an ok job at simply summing up how encryption impacts performance (5-30% if you don't want to click):
http://www.speedguide.net/faq_in_q.php? ... 91&qid=156
Note there is a comment by Philip that says:
"Encrypting data adds some processor load as well. However, not securing your wireless network can mean your neighbors tapping into your network, it is like leaving your front door open."
For a super convoluted answer you can go here:
http://electroinf.uoradea.ro/reviste%20 ... Impact.pdf