Nothing you do can prevent them - you can just minimize their effect. We get hit with ddos attacks all the time - the Mikrotik is actually very good at handling the traffic. We've also put in place an iSecure unit from ddos.com because we are getting hit so much.
Here is a synflood chain that helps:
/ ip firewall rule synflood
add in-interface=level3.1 protocol=tcp tcp-options=syn-only limit-count=100 limit-burst=5 limit-time=1s action=return comment="" disabled=no
add in-interface=level3.1 protocol=tcp tcp-options=syn-only action=drop comment="" disabled=no
You can adjust per your requirements. Just make a jump from your forward and input chains to this one.
Also, you may want to do the same with ICMP if you dont block it already.
Thx,
Sam