Any changes to MMS using the mangle rule won't affect ICMP messages as they rarely grow to a size where they are dropped because they are to big. That makes it more likely that the cause of the packet drop is something else.
I have a RB2011UiAS-2HnD hooked up to an ADSL2+ link via a Draytek Vigor 130 that is setup as a bridge (often called "set in bridge mode").
I happen to know that my ISP wraps a PPPoE session in something that Draytek seems to label as 1483 Bridged IP LLC so I set my modem to that setting. This prevents the Draytek Vigor 130 from attempting to login using PPPoE (something that other people reported as a potential issue with Drayteks in bridge mode). As a result, I can see my ISP's PPPoE server when I use the PPPoE scan feature in Mikrotik.
While I understand why you would suspect MTU as the culprit for connection issues, I'm not sure whether your initial analysis here is correct. It would be helpful to get more information about your modem and it's capabilities and settings. I would also advise you to try alternative modems (I've had good experiences with Drayteks and the Vigor 120, which is an ADSL2+ only modem, is relatively cheap, 50-75 euro if I remember correctly).
It could also help to provide some log outputs for the PPPoE filter (
/system logging add topics=pppoe
) to see if there is something that jumps out as the cause. If you get the feeling that the log messages are hard to understand, feel free to post (an excerpt of) the log in the forum.
Furthermore, it would be helpful if you could post the relevant parts of your config so it can be examined.