MikroTik

Hi everyone,

I'm having two problems at the moment:

1) I wanted to forward port 22 of one of the computers on my local network so I would be able to log into it from the outside. For this, I set up the following

ip firewall dst-nat add dst-address=55.155.155.55/32:8022 action=nat to-dst-address=192.168.0.103 to-dst-port=22

Unfortunately, when I tried to log into my router through ssh, the rule above kicked in and I was transported to the computer on my local network when all I wanted was to log into the router through SSH. What gives?

2) I have a couple of computers running webservers in my LAN. Two of them are to be accessible from outside the LAN, 192.168.0.98 and 192.168.0.103. I have the following nat rules set:

> ip firewall dst-nat print
0 dst-address=55.155.155.55/32:80 protocol=tcp action=nat to-dst-address=192.168.0.98

1 dst-address=55.155.155.55/32:21 protocol=tcp action=nat to-dst-address=192.168.0.98

2 dst-address=55.155.155.55/32:90 protocol=tcp action=nat to-dst-address=192.168.0.103 to-dst-port=90

> ip firewall src-nat print
0 src-address=192.168.0.103/32:90 out-interface=Local action=nat to-src-address=55.155.155.55 to-src-port=90

1 src-address=192.168.0.0/24 out-interface=Public action=masquerade

So, if I open my web browser and go to 55.155.155.55, it correctly shows me what is running on the webserver on 192.168.0.98 (whether I do this from inside the LAN or from somewhere else on the internet). Now if I try to open 55.155.155.55:90 from outside the LAN, it works. If I try it from inside the LAN it doesn't work except from the computer with IP 192.168.0.103 (the one running the webserver).

I'm totally confuzzled. Any help?

for the first problem - add "protocol=tcp"

Can you post here also all of your firewall filter rules?

ad 2. Why do you want to access your internal web server through your WAN address from inside network?

ah, the second question is a common enigma

when you are requesting page by its external address, it gets dst-natted and resent to the local server address. now the server wants to send a reply and goes through its routing table to find out how to send it out, and discovers the reply may be sent directly to the original sender, without going through the router, so the host gets a reply from the internal servers address. however, as the sender send the request to the external servers address, it hopes to get the reply from that external address, and discards replies from other IPs, which is quite standard behavoiur.

one of the possible solutions is to use internal address inside, and external - from other networks. another solution is to put src-nat on router for these requests, to that the server would believe the requests are coming from the router.

Can you post here also all of your firewall filter rules?

ad 2. Why do you want to access your internal web server through your WAN address from inside network?

The only rule I have is a forward rule that drops all p2p traffic.
Because I have a program on the webserver that is using the WAN IP on all the links.

one of the possible solutions is to use internal address inside, and external - from other networks. another solution is to put src-nat on router for these requests, to that the server would believe the requests are coming from the router.

Concerning your other solution, I already have this:

0 src-address=192.168.0.103/32:90 out-interface=Local action=nat to-src-address=55.155.155.55 to-src-port=90

Shouldn't this take care of it?

I think, that best solution, that does not need any rules on router, is to properly use internal DNS server and access internal web server by it's name, not by IP address. External requests to let's say webserver.domain.com are resolved by public DNS servers (DNS response is in this case 55.155.155.55), internal requests are resolved by internal DNS server (DNS response in this case 192.168.0.103). You can then access your web server by it's name from both networks simillary.

I think, that best solution, that does not need any rules on router, is to properly use internal DNS server and access internal web server by it's name, not by IP address. External requests to let's say webserver.domain.com are resolved by public DNS servers (DNS response is in this case 55.155.155.55), internal requests are resolved by internal DNS server (DNS response in this case 192.168.0.103). You can then access your web server by it's name from both networks simillary.

I agree. Unfortunately, I don't have a domain of my own.

one of the possible solutions is to use internal address inside, and external - from other networks. another solution is to put src-nat on router for these requests, to that the server would believe the requests are coming from the router.

Concerning your other solution, I already have this:

0 src-address=192.168.0.103/32:90 out-interface=Local action=nat to-src-address=55.155.155.55 to-src-port=90

Shouldn't this take care of it?

no, it is the other way around: the problem is not the source address of server's response, but destination. you should source-nat or masquerade all requests to the server from local netwrk hosts. I have already explained the reasoning, please reread the previous message.

For the first problem, SSH, you need to edit the rule so that it doesn't apply when the dst-address is the router. I forget the exact syntax as the last few times I did it in winbox

no, it is the other way around: the problem is not the source address of server's response, but destination. you should source-nat or masquerade all requests to the server from local netwrk hosts. I have already explained the reasoning, please reread the previous message.

Hi Lastguru,

It looks like you know your stuff. I've been having the same issue as Eko1 and would appreciate if you could include the correct syntax to the src-nat/masquerade rule. I've read this post multiple times and tried various rules without luck.

for 192.168.0.98 port 80 protocol tcp example:

ip firewall dst-nat add dst-address=55.155.155.55/32:80 protocol=tcp
action=nat to-dst-address=192.168.0.98

and for the internal network:

ip firewall src-nat add dst-address=192.168.0.98:80 protocol=tcp
action=nat to-src-address=<internal ip of mikrotik>

this will force reply to the mikrotik and not directly to the internal
machine which originated the request.
Also note that dst-address is 192.168.0.98 since the packetes will
have already be DNAT'ed.
Also you should filter the above rule with more filters for example
in-interface should be the lan interface of the mikrotik.

hope this helps.

Thank you so much, that worked like a charm!!

for 192.168.0.98 port 80 protocol tcp example:

ip firewall dst-nat add dst-address=55.155.155.55/32:80 protocol=tcp
action=nat to-dst-address=192.168.0.98

and for the internal network:

ip firewall src-nat add dst-address=192.168.0.98:80 protocol=tcp
action=nat to-src-address=<internal ip of mikrotik>

hope this helps.

OK. I have the following:
[admin@windwireless] ip firewall src-nat> print
Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid, D - dynamic
0 dst-address=192.168.0.103/32:90 out-interface=Local protocol=tcp
action=nat to-src-address=192.168.0.1 to-src-port=90

[admin@windwireless] ip firewall dst-nat> print
Flags: X - disabled, I - invalid, D - dynamic
0 in-interface=Public dst-address=55.155.155.55/32:90 protocol=tcp action=nat
to-dst-address=192.168.0.103 to-dst-port=90

And I still doesn't work. Man, I can't believe it is so difficult to get this working on Mikrotik when it works easily enough on dumb D-Link and Linksys routers.

I'm still using an older version. Try taking out your port 90 on the to-src-address in your source nat (leave the default of all ports)

Here's what I have:

dst-address=192.168.0.20/32:80 protocol=tcp action=nat to-src-address=192.168.0.1

Just imagine packet flow: CLIENT X tries to connect to your INTERNAL WEB SERVER from internet. He uses PUBLIC IP and PORT 90 of your Mikrotik as destination address and port. Mikrotik must change destination IP address of this request to your INTERNAL WEB SERVER IP address and port 90. Then this request is destined to your INTERNAL WEB SERVER.

So we have first rule:
dst-nat rule with dst-address=PUBLIC IP of your Mikrotik and dst-port=90 and to-addresses=IP of INTERNAL WEB SERVER and to-ports=90

Then INTERNAL WEB SERVER answers the request, but source address of this response is your INTERNAL WEB SERVER IP address. Mikrotik must in turn change source address of this response to PUBLIC IP of your Mikrotik.
So we have second rule:
Masquerading rule with out-interface set to output interface of your Mikrotik.

From CLIENT X's point view it seems, that he communicates only with web server with PUBLIC IP of your Mikrotik.
Uf, is it cleaner now?

I'm still using an older version. Try taking out your port 90 on the to-src-address in your source nat (leave the default of all ports)

Here's what I have:

dst-address=192.168.0.20/32:80 protocol=tcp action=nat to-src-address=192.168.0.1

I took out the to-src-port and I'm still having the same problem.

Hm, I try to draw what is going on when accessing internal web server from internal network using public address according your src and dst nat rules where:
X.X.X.X is client from internal network
55.55.55.55 is public IP of Mikrotik
192.168.1.1 is internal IP of Mikrotik
192.168.1.103 is address of web server

only with dst-nat applied
1. request: source address X.X.X.X:3456 destination address 55.55.55.55:90 is sent to mikrotik
2. dst-nat is performed, so we have source address X.X.X.X:3456 destination address 192.168.1.103:90 and request is sent to web server
3. problem: web server sends response directly to X.X.X.X:3456
this will not work

with dst-nat and also with src-nat
1. request: source address X.X.X.X:3456 destination address 55.55.55.55:90 is sent to mikrotik
2. dst-nat is performed, so we have source address X.X.X.X:3456 destination address 192.168.1.103:90
3. src-nat is performed, so we have source address 192.168.1.1:3456 and destination address 192.168.1.103:90 and request is sent to web server
3. web server sends response to 192.168.1.1:3456 but question is, how to redirect response back to X.X.X.X:3456, thanks to applying dst-nat and src-nat we lost original source address from request..

Correct me, if I am wrong, IMHO this task has no solution (without other helpers)...

You wrote, that your second web server (you use port 80) is accessible from both internal and external network, so I want to ask whether you have transparent Web-proxy configured on Mikrotik?
And second question: What happens if you set up web proxy on Mikrotik on port 90?

Question: Is src-nat performed before dst-nat?

You wrote, that your second web server (you use port 80) is accessible from both internal and external network, so I want to ask whether you have transparent Web-proxy configured on Mikrotik?
And second question: What happens if you set up web proxy on Mikrotik on port 90?

No, I don't have any kind of web proxy running anywhere.

Dst-nat is part of prerouting, src-nat is part of postrouting.
I think it is necessary to log packet flow to find out difference between your port 80 and port 90 usage. Can you log packet exchange between client and your web server in both cases? We must find the difference..

for 192.168.0.98 port 80 protocol tcp example:

ip firewall dst-nat add dst-address=55.155.155.55/32:80 protocol=tcp
action=nat to-dst-address=192.168.0.98

and for the internal network:

ip firewall src-nat add dst-address=192.168.0.98:80 protocol=tcp
action=nat to-src-address=<internal ip of mikrotik>

this will force reply to the mikrotik and not directly to the internal
machine which originated the request.
Also note that dst-address is 192.168.0.98 since the packetes will
have already be DNAT'ed.
Also you should filter the above rule with more filters for example
in-interface should be the lan interface of the mikrotik.

hope this helps.

I had asked the same topic about DMZ
but no good answer like this...
told me to use domain name.. and put those domain in hosts file...
not give any answer directly how to make connection using ip address
thanks for the tips

Can you please describe your problem once more?

The tips not always working, for ftp connection it always failed..
http connection only can working fine..
any other tips?

Tinus, can you please describe your problem once more? I tried to understand your previous post but i need more information about your configuration and about what you want to solve.

with the given solution, can this be done if the public IP is dynamic?


to quote:
for 192.168.0.98 port 80 protocol tcp example:

ip firewall dst-nat add dst-address=55.155.155.55/32:80 protocol=tcp
action=nat to-dst-address=192.168.0.98

and for the internal network:

ip firewall src-nat add dst-address=192.168.0.98:80 protocol=tcp
action=nat to-src-address=<internal ip of mikrotik>

this will force reply to the mikrotik and not directly to the internal
machine which originated the request.
Also note that dst-address is 192.168.0.98 since the packetes will
have already be DNAT'ed.
Also you should filter the above rule with more filters for example
in-interface should be the lan interface of the mikrotik.


---- Can 55.155.155.55/32:80 be replaced with an dynamic value? (DSL IP changes)

Hey,
!!!Solution!!!
I have a Plex Server running on port 32400, i can access it from outside my network with domain or IP but i only can access it internaly from local ip of Plex server

INFO:
Local Plex IP: 192.168.0.22
Local Plex Port: 32400
internet Exposed IP: 123.123.123.123
Internet interface: internet
Local Network interface: LAN
you can always remove "to-ports=32400" & "protocol=tcp" & "dst-port=32400" from rule 2 to allow all local calls to go to 192.168.0.22 like this
if you have dynamic IP you can also remove the dst-address-123.123.123.123 and specify this in 2 "dst-address-type=local" like this
Let me know how it goes

eKo1: The behavior that you are describing in item 2 of your initial post is a classic case of a hairpin NAT. If you want a better understanding of the problem, read this:

http://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Hairpin_NAT

Regards,