IT WORKS!
I deleted all my dst-nat rules and set them up from scratch. After that it works and I realised that the "in-interface=ether1" (WAN) was set on all my rules.
I don't know why I set the in-interface, I checked all wikis and it's always unset
..so it was my fault. :/
//EDIT:
After I was back home, I noticed that without the "in-interface=ether1" the hairpin NAT seemed to work.. but not only for my dynDNS-address.
myserver.dyndns.org, google.com, ebay.com.. that all makes no difference now. Every request via port 80 goes to my internal webserver. So I don't know if the hairpin NAT works now, because I have a new problem.
I opened a new thread, because I think its not related to the hairpin NAT problem..
http://forum.mikrotik.com/viewtopic.php?f=13&t=78883